|
25 White AA, Panjabi MM (1990) Practical biomechanics of spine trauma 2nd eds. J. B. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia P-256. 26Croft AC (1995) Biomechanics in Whiplash Injuries – The Cervical Acceleration/Deceleration Syndrome. 2nd eds Foreman SM and Croft AC, Williams & Wilkins, Baltimore P-3. 27 Adams MA, Hutton WC (1981) Prolapsed intervertebral disc. A hyperflexion injury. Spine 7:184. 28Osti O, Vernon-Roberts B, Moor R et al (1992) Annular tears and disc degeneration in the lumbar spine. J Bone Joint Surj [Br] 74:678. 29 Greenough CG and Fraser RD (1994) Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. Eur Spine J 3:22. 30Acute post traumatic disc prolapse due to axial loading on a flexed-rotated spine - an example. Following an impact the inertia of the body moves it forwards; the oblique seat belt causes roitation and flexion of the spine. If the head hits against the interior of the car it may produce axial loading of the spine. Axial loading of the flexed and rotated spine produces force concentration at the postero-lateral corner of the disc and this may result in acute rupture of the annulus with herniation of the disc. 31 Osti O, Vernon-Roberts B, Fraser R (1990) Annular tears and intervertebral disc degeneration. Spine 15:762. 32 Moor R, Osti O, Vernon-Roberts B et al (1992) Changes in the end plate vascularity after an outer annulus tear in the sheep. Spine 17:874. 33 Greenough CG and Fraser RD (1994) Aetiology, diagnosis and treatment of low back pain. Eur Spine J 3:22. 34 Kirkaldy-Willis WH (1983) Managing low back pain. New York, Edinburgh, London, Melbourne, Churchill Livingstone. 35 White AA, Panjabi MM (1990) Practical biomechanics of spine trauma 2nd eds. J. B. Lippincott Co. Philadelphia P-19. |
|
342 |