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CHAPTER 10
INJURIES TO THE SHOULDER P G Stableforth
INDEX 82 Anatomy Gleno-humeral joint, the joint surface, the glenoid, contact, capsules, nerves. 83 Movement The subscapularis muscle, the supraspinatus muscle, the infraspinatus, the trapezius muscle, the deltoid muscle, the pectoralis major. 84 Function 85 The accident Upper shoulder impact, steering wheel wrench, lower shoulder impact. 86 Pre-existing conditions Deformity or joint instability, rotator cuff tendon degeneration, arthritis. 87 Categories of injury Contusion or bruising, haemarthrosis, fracture, the brachial plexus, the rib cage, dislocation. 88 Treatment Priority, serious conditions, dislocation, nerve/tendon injury, X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, arthroscopy, operations, non-operative treatment. 89 Medico-legal examination Timing, history, clinical examination. 90 The Prognosis Sterno-clavicular dislocation, clavicle fractures, acromio-clavicular injuries, gleno-humeral dislocation, proximal humeral fracture, rotator cuff tears. 91 Malingering and Functional Overlay 92 Areas of dispute
82 Anatomy
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