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389
CHAPTER 10
INJURIES TO THE SHOULDER
P G Stableforth
INDEX
82 Anatomy
Gleno-humeral joint, the joint surface, the glenoid, contact, capsules, nerves.
83 Movement
The subscapularis muscle, the supraspinatus muscle, the infraspinatus, the trapezius muscle, the deltoid muscle, the pectoralis major.
84 Function
85 The accident
Upper shoulder impact, steering wheel wrench, lower shoulder impact.
86 Pre-existing conditions
Deformity or joint instability, rotator cuff tendon degeneration, arthritis.
87 Categories of injury
Contusion or bruising, haemarthrosis, fracture, the brachial plexus, the rib cage, dislocation.
88 Treatment
Priority, serious conditions, dislocation, nerve/tendon injury, X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, arthroscopy, operations, non-operative treatment.
89 Medico-legal examination
Timing, history, clinical examination.
90 The Prognosis
Sterno-clavicular dislocation, clavicle fractures, acromio-clavicular injuries, gleno-humeral dislocation, proximal humeral fracture, rotator cuff tears.
91 Malingering and Functional Overlay
92 Areas of dispute
82 Anatomy